β-1,3/1,6 酵母葡聚多醣體的相關研究文獻總整理：
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1. Yeast -Glucan Amplifies Phagocyte Killing of iC3b-Opsonized Tumor Cells via Complement Receptor 3-Syk- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway. Li, B. et al. The Journal of Immunology 177: 1661-1669. 2006.

2. b-glucan enhances complement-mediated hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow injury. Cramer, D.E. et al. Blood. 107:835-840. 2006.

3. C5a-mediated leukotriene B4-amplified neutrophil chemotaxis is essential in tumor immunotherapy facilitated by anti-tumor monoclonal antibody and b-glucan. Allendorf, D. J. et al. The Journal of Immunology 174:7050-7056. 2005.

4. Beta-glucan functions as an adjuvant for monoclonal immunotherapy by recruiting tumoricidal granulocytes as killer cells. Hong F. et al., Cancer Research 63, 9023-9031, December 15, 2003

5. Soluble beta-glucan polysaccharide binding to the lectin site of neutrophil or natural killer cell complement receptor type 3 (CD11b/CD18) generates a primed state of the receptor capable of mediating cytotoxicity of iC3b-opsonized target cells. Vetvicka V. et al., J Clin Invest. 1996 Jul 1;98(1):50-61

6. Mechanism by which orally administered beta-1,3-glucans enhance the tumoricidal activity of monoclonal antibodies in murine tumor models. Hong F. et al., The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 173: 797-806

7. Complement function in mAb-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Gelderman K. A. et al., Trends in Immunology Col. 25 No. 3 March 2004

8. Analysis of the sugar specificity and molecular location of the beta-glucan-binding site of complement receptor type 3 (CD11b/CD18). Thornton B.P. et al., The Journal of Immunology, 1996, 156: 1235-1246

9. Effect of PGG-glucan on the rate of serious postoperative infection or death observed after high-risk gastrointestinal operations. Dellinger E.P. et al., Arch Surg. 1999; 134:977-983
10. A phase II multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of three dosages of an immunomodulator (PGG-glucan) in high-risk surgical patients. Babineau T.J. et al., Arch surg. 1994; 129: 1204-1210

11. Randomized phase I/II trial of a macrophage-specific immunomodulator (PGG-glucan) in high-risk surgical patients. Babineau T.J. et al., Ann Surg. 1994 Nov;220(5):601-9

12. The beta-glucan-binding lectin site of mouse CR3 (CD11b /CD18) and its function in generating a primed state of the receptor that mediates cytotoxic activation in response to iC3b-opsonized target cells. Xia Y. et al., The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 2281-2290

13. Beta-glucan affects leukocyte navigation in a complex chemotactic gradient. Tsikitis, V.L. et al., Surgery 2004; 136:384-9

14. Promotion of neutrophil chemotaxis through differential regulation of beta1 and beta2 integrins. Harler et al., The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 6792-6799

15. The lectin-like domain of complement receptor 3 protects endothelial barrier function from activated neutrophils. Tsikitis V.L. et al., J Immunol. 2004 Jul 15;173(2):1284-91.

16. Receptor-mediated phagocytosis of rat macrophages is regulated differentially for opsonized particles and non-opsonized particles containing beta-glucan. Reichner J.S. et al., Immunology. 2001 Oct; 104 (2): 198-206

17. Enhanced clearance of a multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus in rats treated with PGG-glucan is associated with increased leukocyte counts and increased neutrophil oxidative burst activity. Liang J. et al., Int J Immunopharmacol. 1998 Nov; 20 (11): 595-614

18. Synergism between poly-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-beta-D-glucopyranose glucan and cefazolin in prophylaxis of staphylococcal wound infection in a guinea pig model. Kaiser et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Sep; 42 (9): 2449-51

19. Therapeutic immunomodulatory approaches for the control of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the prevention of sepsis. Faist E. et al., New Horiz. 1998 May; 6 (2 Suppl): S97-102 Review.

20. Protection against experimental intraabdominal sepsis by two polysaccharide immunomodulators. Tzianobos A.O. et al., J. Infect. Dis. 1998 Jul; 178 (1): 200-6

21. Prophylactic anti-infective activity of poly-[1-6]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-[1-3]-beta-D-glucopryanose glucan in a guinea pig model of staphylococcal wound infection. Kernodle D.S. et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Mar; 42 (3): 454-9

22. Anti-infective effect of poly-beta 1-6-glucotriosyl-beta 1-3-glucopyranose glucan in vivo. Onderdonk A. B. et al., Infect Immun. 1992 Apr; 60 (4): 1642-7

23. Prophylaxis with the immunomodulator PGG glucan enhances antibiotic efficacy in rats infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Tzianabos A.O. et al., Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Oct 25; 797: 285-7

24. Passive transfer of poly-(1-6)-beta-glucotriosyl-(1-3)-beta-glucopyranose glucan protection against lethal infection in an animal model of intra-abdominal sepsis. Cisneros R.L. et al., Infect Immun. 1996 Jun; 64 (6): 2201-5

25. Anthrax-protective effects of yeast beta 1,3 glucans. Kournikakis B. et al., MedGenMed. 2003 Mar 21; 5 (1): 1

26. Potential for beta 1,3-glucans to prevent and treat biological warfare infections. In: BTR 2002: Unified Science & Technology for Reducing Biological Threats & Countering Terrorism. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico.

27. Pilot study: Orally-administered yeast beta 1-3-glucan prophylactically protects against anthrax infection and cancer in mice. Vetvicka V. et al., JANA Vol. 5, No. 2 Spring 2002

28. PGG-glucan, a soluble beta-(1,3)-glucan, enhances the oxidative burst response, microbicidal activity, and activates an NF-kappa B-like factor in human PMN: evidence for a glycosphingolipid beta-(1,3)-glucan receptor. Wakshull E. et al., Immunopharmacology. 1999 Feb; 41 (2): 89-107

29. In vitro and in vivo hematopoietic activities of Betafectin® PGG-glucan. Patchen M. L. et al., Experimental Hematology 26:1247-1254

30. The polysaccharide, PGG-glucan, enhances human myelopoiesis by direct action independent of and additive to early-acting cytokines. Turnbull J.L. et al., Acta Haematol 1999; 102:66-71

31. Mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells by Betafectin PGG-Glucan alone and in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Patchen M. L. et al., Stem Cells 1998;16:208-217

32. Oral WGP Beta Glucan Treatment Accelerates Myeloid Recovery and Survival After Radiation Exposure. Allendorf,D.J. et al., In: BTR 2003: Unified Science & Technology for Reducing Biological Threats & Countering Terrorism. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico. (pp. 104-113).

33. Activation of a rel-A/CEBP-beta-related transcription factor heteromer by PGG-glucan in a murine monocytic cell line. Adams D.S. et al., J. Cell Biochem. 2000 Mar: 77(2): 221-33

34. Activation of rat macrophages by Betafectin PGG-glucan requires cross-linking of membrane receptors distinct from complement receptor three (CR3). Michalek M. et al., J Leukoc Biol. 1998 Sep; 64 (3): 337-44

35. PGG-glucan, a leukocyte-specific immunostimulant, does not potentiate GVHD or allograft rejection. Washburn W.K. et al., J Surg Res. 1996 May; 62 (2): 179-83

36. A novel carbohydrate-glycosphingolipid interaction between a beta-(1-3)-glucan immunomodulator, PGG-glucan, and lactosylceramide of human leukocytes. Zimmerman J.W. et al., J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 21; 273 (34): 22014-20

37. PGG-Glucan activates NF-kappaB-like and NF-IL-6-like transcription factor complexes in a murine monocytic cell line. Adams D.S. et al., J Leukoc Biol. 1997 Dec; 62 (6): 865-73

38. Reduction of infection-stimulated periapical bone resorption by the biological response modifier PGG glucan. Stashenko P. et al., J. Dent Res. 1995 Jan; 74 (1): 323-30

39. Enhanced neutrophil emigration and Porphyromonas gingivalis reduction following PGG-glucan treatment of mice. Niederman R. et al., Arch Oral Biol. 2002 Aug; 47 (8): 613-8

40. Microfibrillar structure of PGG-glucan in aqueous solution as triple-helix aggregates by small angle x-ray scattering. Gawronski M. et al., Biopolymers. 1999 Nov:50 (6): 569

41. Effects of particulate and soluble (1-3)-beta-glucans on Ca2+ influx in NR8383 alveolar macrophages. Mörk A.-C. et al., Immunopharmacology 40 (1998) 77-89

42. Cross-linking of the beta-glucan receptor on human monocytes results in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist but not interleukin-1 production. Poutsiaka D.D. et al., Blood. Vol 82, No 12 (December 15), 1993: pp 3695-3700